Потенциальная энергия в классической и квантовой электродинамике
Очень хорошее разъяснение из КАЛТЕХа.
The Disappearance and Reappearance of Potential Energy in Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.14643
Charles T. Sebens
The Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics includes an interaction term that represents potential energy of matter. The presence of this potential energy in quantum electrodynamics is at odds with the apparent absence of potential energy in classical electrodynamics. Although electrostatics permits the interpretation of electric energy either as potential energy possessed by matter or as energy possessed by the electric field, electrodynamics does not have the same freedom. We must attribute energy to the electromagnetic field if energy is to be conserved. Still, this does not rule out the possibility that, in addition to electromagnetic field energy, there is also electromagnetic potential energy possessed by matter. Indeed, if we take the matter to be represented by the Dirac field (in a classical precursor to quantum electrodynamics), then the symmetric energy-momentum tensor of matter contains potential energy. This potential energy becomes an interaction term in the Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics upon field quantization.
Comments: 28 pages, 4 figures
The Disappearance and Reappearance of Potential Energy in Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.14643
Charles T. Sebens
The Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics includes an interaction term that represents potential energy of matter. The presence of this potential energy in quantum electrodynamics is at odds with the apparent absence of potential energy in classical electrodynamics. Although electrostatics permits the interpretation of electric energy either as potential energy possessed by matter or as energy possessed by the electric field, electrodynamics does not have the same freedom. We must attribute energy to the electromagnetic field if energy is to be conserved. Still, this does not rule out the possibility that, in addition to electromagnetic field energy, there is also electromagnetic potential energy possessed by matter. Indeed, if we take the matter to be represented by the Dirac field (in a classical precursor to quantum electrodynamics), then the symmetric energy-momentum tensor of matter contains potential energy. This potential energy becomes an interaction term in the Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics upon field quantization.
Comments: 28 pages, 4 figures