Вот почему у них 1 января не праздник???

Хорошая популярная лекция с формулами и картинками на 9 страниц о том, откуда берется магнитное поле Земли:

The geodynamo for non-geophysicists: https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.13158

The geodynamo usually appears as a somewhat intimidating subject. Its understanding seems to require the intricate theory of magnetohydrodynamics. The solution of the corresponding equations can only be achieved numerically. It seems to be a subject for the specialist. We show that one can understand the basics of the functioning of the geodynamo solely by using the well-known laws of electrodynamics. The topic is not only important for geophysicists. The same physics is the cause for the magnetic fields of sun-like stars, of the very strong fields of neutron stars, and also of the cosmic magnetic fields.